Explain Perfect Diamagnetism in Super Conductors.
When a superconductor is cooled below a critical temperature, it can conduct electric current with zero resistance. Perfect Diamagnetism is the tendency of a material to create a magnetic field in the opposite direction when exposed to an external magnetic field. In most materials, this effect is very weak. However, in superconductors, it becomes incredibly strong and perfect.
When a superconductor is subjected to a magnetic field, it responds by generating an opposing magnetic field that completely cancels out the applied field. This results in a state of perfect diamagnetism, where the superconductor actively repels the magnetic field. As a result, the superconductor seems to float in mid-air when placed above a magnet, defying gravity.
The reason behind perfect diamagnetism in superconductors lies in the behavior of their electrons. At low temperatures, electrons pair up and move through the material without any hindrance, forming what is known as Cooper pairs. These Cooper pairs exhibit a collective behavior that enables them to generate the opposing magnetic field, causing the superconductor to expel the magnetic field lines.
Perfect diamagnetism in superconductors has important applications in various fields, including energy transmission, magnetic levitation, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
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