Explain Polarization by Reflection.

ANSWER : Polarization by reflection is a phenomenon where light waves get restricted to vibrate in a specific direction after bouncing off a surface. When light waves strike a non-metallic surface at a certain angle called the Brewster's angle (the angle of incidence at which light waves, when passing from one medium to another, experience maximum polarization in the reflected light), the reflected light becomes polarized.

This means that the light waves vibrate in a single plane parallel to the reflecting surface, instead of vibrating in all directions. Polarized sunglasses utilize this effect to reduce glare. It's like light waves bouncing off a calm water surface and getting aligned horizontally. This polarization can be understood using the formula, Tan θ = \(\frac{n_2}{n_1}\), where θ is the Brewster's angle, n₁ is the refractive index of the incident medium, and n₂ is the refractive index of the reflecting medium.

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